EDUCATION

 Education in Bangladesh

The educational system in Bangladesh is three-tiered and highly subsidized. The government of Bangladesh operates many schools in the primary, secondary, and higher secondary levels. It also subsidizes parts of the funding for many private schools. In the tertiary education sector, the government also funds more than 15 state universities through the University Grants Commission.

Bangladesh conforms fully to the Education For All (EFA) objectives, the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and international declarations. Article 17 of the Bangladesh Constitution provides that all children between the ages of six and ten years receive a basic education free of charge.

Contents 1 Education system 1.1 Tertiary education in Madrasah Education System 1.2 Tertiary education in Technical Education System 2 Educational management 2.1 Primary and secondary level management 2.2 Tertiary education management 2.3 Technical and Vocational education management 3 Non-formal primary education 4 Current status 4.1 Concerns 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External links Education system Bangladesh education system in brief The three main educational systems in Bangladesh, ordered by decreasing student numbers, are: General Education System Madrasah Education System Technical - Vocational Education System Other systems include a Professional Education System. Each of these three main systems is divided into four levels: Primary Level (years 1 to 5) Secondary Level (years 6 to 10) Higher Secondary Level (years 11 and 12) Tertiary Level Tertiary education in Bangladesh takes place at 34 government and 54 private universities. Students can choose to further their studies in engineering, technology, agriculture and medicine at a variety of universities and colleges. At all levels of schooling, students can choose to receive their education in English or Bengali. Private schools tend to make use of English-based study media while government-sponsored schools use Bengali.  Cadets in class room Cadet colleges are important in the education system of Bangladesh. A cadet college is a special type of school-cum-college established in East Pakistan on the model of English public schools. Military education is compulsory at cadet college. The government of Pakistan established the first residential cadet college in the Punjab in 1954. Faujdarhat cadet college was the first cadet college in East Pakistan (Bangladesh), established in 1958 over an area of 185 acres (0.75 km2) of land at Faujdarhat in the district of Chittagong. At present there are 12 cadet colleges in Bangladesh. The Madrasah Education System focuses on religious education, teaching all the basics of education in a religious environment. Islamic teachings are compulsory. Religious studies are taught in Arabic and the children also usually serve the related mosques. Students also study some or all of the courses from the General Education System. Madrasahs take in many homeless children and provide them with food, shelter and education, e.g. Jamia Tawakkulia Renga Madrasah in Sylhet. The Technical and Vocational Education System provides courses related to various applied and practical areas of science, technology and engineering, or focuses on a specific specialized area. Course duration ranges from one month to four years. Tertiary education in Madrasah Education System In Madrasah Education System, after passing 'Alim' (12th Grade), student can enroll in for 3years long study, for obtaining a 'Fazil' level (14th Grade)as well as they can go for further general education like earning all over the universities degree, And after passing successfully they can further enroll into another 2 years long study system to obtain a 'Kamil' level (16th Grade) degree. Tertiary education in Technical Education System In the Technical Education System, after obtaining Diploma-in-Engineering degree (four years long curriculum), students can further pursue their educational carrier for obtaining a Bachelor degree from Engineering & Technology Universities, which offer two and a half to three year long courses for students with a Diploma-in-Engineering degree, to obtain a Bachelor degree (undergraduate degree) (16th Grade) in Engineering. Then they can enroll into post-graduate studies. Educational management The overall responsibility of management of primary education lies with the Primary and Mass Education Division (PMED), set up as a separate division with the status of a Ministry in 1992. While the PMED is involved in formulation of policies, the responsibility of implementation rests with the Directorate of Primary Education (DPE) headed by a Director General. The Directorate of Primary Education (DPE) and its subordinate offices in the district and upazila are solely responsible for management and supervision of primary education. Their responsibilities include recruitment, posting, and transfer of teachers and other staff; arranging in-service training of teachers; distribution of free textbooks; and supervision of schools. The responsibility of school construction, repair and supply of school furniture lies with the Facilities Department (FD) and Local Government Engineering Department (LGED). The National Curriculum and Textbook Board (NCTB) are responsible for the development of curriculum and production of textbooks. While the Ministry of Education (MOE) is responsible for formulation of policies, the Directorate of Secondary and Higher Education (DSHE) under the Ministry of Education is responsible for implementing the same at secondary and higher education levels. The NCTB is responsible for developing curriculum and publishing standard textbooks. Primary and secondary level management The primary and secondary levels of education are controlled by the six General Education Boards, each covering a region. The boards' headquarters are located in Barisal, Comilla Chittagong, Dhaka, Jessore, Rajshahi and Sylhet . In addition, the Madrasah Education Board covers religious education in government-registered Madrasahs, and the Technical Education Board controls technical and vocational training in the secondary level. Six region-based Boards of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) are responsible for conducting the two public examinations, SSC and HSC, in addition to granting recognition to non-government secondary schools. At the school level, in the case of non-government secondary schools, School Management Committees (SMC), and at the intermediate college level, in the case of non-government colleges, Governing Bodies (GB), formed as per government directives, are responsible for mobilizing resources, approving budgets, controlling expenditures, and appointing and disciplining staff. While teachers of non-government secondary schools are recruited by concerned SMCs observing relevant government rules, teachers of government secondary schools are recruited centrally by the DSHE through a competitive examination. In government secondary schools, there is not an SMC. The headmaster is solely responsible for running the school and is supervised by the deputy director of the respective zone. Parent Teachers Associations (PTAs), however, exist to ensure a better teaching and learning environment. Tertiary education management Civil Engineering department of BUET, one of the leading institutions for engineering in Bangladesh At the tertiary level, universities are regulated by the University Grants Commission. The colleges providing tertiary education are under the National University. Each of the medical colleges is affiliated with a public university. Universities in Bangladesh are autonomous bodies administered by statutory bodies such as Syndicate, Senate, Academic Council, etc. in accordance with provisions laid down in their respective acts. Technical and Vocational education management The Directorate of Technical Education (DTE) is responsible for the planning, development, and implementation of technical and vocational education in the country. Curriculum is implemented by BTEB. Notable Engineering Universities in Bangladesh: Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chittagong Non-formal primary education There exists a substantial number of NGO-run non-formal schools, catering mainly to the drop-outs of the government and non-government primary schools. Very few NGOs, however, impart education for the full five-year primary education cycle. Because of this, on completion of their two-to three-year non-formal primary education in NGO-run schools, students normally re-enter into government/non-government primary schools at higher classes. There are Non-Governmental Schools (NGO) and Non-Formal Education Centers (NFE) and many of these are funded by the government. The largest NFE program is the much reputed BRAC program. However, all NFE graduates do not continue on to secondary school. NGO-run schools differ from other non-government private schools. While the private schools operate like private enterprises often guided by commercial interests, NGO schools operate mainly in areas not served either by the government or private schools, essentially to meet the educational needs of vulnerable groups in the society. They usually follow an informal approach to suit the special needs of children from these vulnerable groups. Similarly, in NGO-run schools there does not exist any SMC. The style of management differs depending upon differences in policies pursued by different NGOs. Some are centrally managed within a highly bureaucratic set-up, while others enjoy considerable autonomy. Different NGOs pursue different policies regarding recruitment of teachers. Some prepare a panel of prospective teachers on the basis of a rigorous test and recruit teachers from this panel. Other NGOs recruit teachers rather informally from locally available interested persons. Current status Current government projects to promote the education of children in Bangladesh include compulsory primary education for all, free education for girls up to grade 10, stipends for female students, a nationwide integrated education system and a food-for-education literacy movement. A large section of the country’s national budget is set aside to help put these programs into action and to promote education and make it more accessible. Recent years have seen these efforts pay off and the Bangladesh education system is strides ahead of what it was only a few short years ago. Concerns The educational system of Bangladesh faces several problems. In the past, Bangladesh education was primarily a British-controlled, upper-class affair with all courses given in English and very little being done for the common people. The Bangladesh education board has taken steps to leave such practices in the past and is looking forward to education as a way to provide a poverty-stricken nation with a brighter future. Bangladesh has one of the lowest literacy rates in South Asia. One study found a 15.5% primary school teacher absence rate. The low performance in primary education is also matter of concern. School drop-out rates and grade repetition rates are high. Poor school attendance and low contact time in school are factors contributing to low level of learning achievement. Further, the system lacks a sound Human Resource Development and deployment system and this has demoralized the primary education sector personnel, including teachers, and contributes to poor performance. Poverty is a big threat to primary education. List of universities in Bangladesh This is a list of universities in Bangladesh. Universities in Bangladesh are mainly categorized into three different types — Public (government owned and subsidized), Private (private sector owned universities), and International (operated and funded by international organizations such as the Organisation of the Islamic Conference). University of Dhaka, established in 1921, is the oldest university of the country. Bangladeshi universities are affiliated with the University Grants Commission (UGC), a commission created according to the Presidential Order (P.O. No 10 of 1973) of the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The list is classified by the three types universities further segmented according to their locations. The locations are given according to divisions, the topmost administrative unit in Bangladesh. It is notable that, out of the 6 divisions Dhaka Division houses 58 out of a total of 87, of them 52 in Dhaka, the capital city. Most universities focus on general studies, meaning a diverse mix of curriculum, business studies, engineering or technology. Seven universities have specialized curricula focused on Islamic studies (2), agricultural sciences (2), medical sciences (1), Veterinary (1) and women's studies (1). Along with the universities their short names, mostly acronyms, are provided as nicks. Contents 1 Public universities 1.1 Dhaka division 1.2 Rajshahi division 1.3 Rangpur division 1.4 Khulna division 1.5 Chittagong division 1.6 Barisal division 1.7 Sylhet division 1.8 Special universities 2 Private universities 2.1 Chittagong division 2.2 Dhaka division 2.3 Rajshahi division 2.4 Sylhet division 3 International universities 4 Notes and references Public universities Bangladesh has 30 public universities instructing the bulk of higher studies students. These universities that are funded by the Government and managed as self-governed government institutions. Dhaka division Civil engineering building, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology War memorial sculpture in Bangladesh Agricultural University Al-Beruni Hall of Jahangirnagar University Following are the 12 public universities located in Dhaka division. Seven are in Dhaka in the Dhaka District. Two universities in Gazipur and one on Savar also come under that district. Mymensingh District features two universities, one each in Mymensingh and Trishal. One more is in Tangail. The university in Mymensigh specialize in agricultural sciences, and a university in Dhaka specializes in General. University Nick Founded Location Specialization Website 7. Bangladesh Agricultural University BAU 1961 Mymensingh Agriculture [1] 8. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University BSMAU 1983 Gazipur Agriculture [2] 9. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University BSMMU 1965 Dhaka Medical [3] 10. Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology BUET 1962 Dhaka Engineering [4] 11. Bangladesh University of Professionals BUP 2008 Dhaka General [5] 12. Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology DUET 2003 Gazipur Engineering [6] 13. Jagannath University JNU 2005 Dhaka General [7] 14. Jahangirnagar University JU 1970 Savar General [8] 15. Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University KNU 2005 Trishal General [9] 16. Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University MBSTU 1999 Tangail Technology [10] 17. Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University SAU 2001 Dhaka Agriculture [11] 18. University of Dhaka DU 1921 Dhaka General [12] Rajshahi division Administrative building of Rajshahi University Administrative building of RUET Following are the public universities located in Rajshahi division. Two are in Rajshahi, one in Rangpur and another one in Dinajpur. University Nick Founded Location Specialization Website 23. Rajshahi University RU 1953 Rajshahi General [13] 24. Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology RUET 1962 Rajshahi Engineering [14] 25. Pabna University of Science and Technology PUST 2008 Pabna Technology [15] Rangpur division There are two public universities located in Rangpur division. One is in Rangpur and another one in Dinajpur. University Nick Founded Location Specialization Website 26. Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University HSTU 2002 Dinajpur Technology [16] 27. Begum Rokeya University 2008 Rangpur General [17] Khulna division Auditorium of Islamic University Following are the four public universities located in Khulna division. Two are in Khulna, one in Jessore and another one in Kushtia. The university in Kushtia is the only public university in Bangladesh specializing in Islamic studies. University Nick Founded Location Specialization Website 19. Khulna University KU 1991 Khulna General [18] 20. Khulna University of Engineering and Technology KUET 1969 Khulna Engineering [19] 21. Islamic University IU 1980 Kushtia Islam [20] 22. Jessore Science and Technology University JSTU 2008 Jessore Technology Chittagong division Chittagong University Shaheed Minar Following are the five public universities located in Chittagong division. Three are in Chittagong, while one each are in Comilla and Noakhali. One of them specializes in Veterinary Sciences. University Nick Founded Location Specialization Website 2. Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology CUET 1968 Chittagong Engineering [21] 3. Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University CVASU 2006 Chittagong Veterinary Sciences [22] 4. Chittagong University CU 1966 Chittagong General [23] 5. Comilla University UC 2006 Comilla General — 6. Noakhali Science and Technology University NSTU 2005 Noakhali Technology [24] Barisal division Following is the only public university of Barisal division located in Patuakhali. University Nick Founded Location Specialization Website 1. Patuakhali Science and Technology University PSTU 2001 Patuakhali Technology [25] Sylhet division Language Movement Monument of Shahjalal University of Science and Technology Following are the public universities located in Sylhet division. Both are in Sylhet, and both are specialized, as one instructs in technology, one engineering, the other in agricultural sciences. University Nick Founded Location Specialization Website 28. Shahjalal University of Science and Technology SUST 1987 Sylhet Technology [26] 29. Sylhet Agricultural University SAU 2006 Sylhet Agriculture [27] 30. Sylhet Engineering College SEC 2008 Sylhet Engineering [28] Special universities Following are the public universities that operate through a number of colleges all over Bangladesh instead of a localized campus. Both have headquarters in Gazipur. University Nick Founded Location Specialization Website 30.. Bangladesh National University NU 1992 Gazipur General [29] 31. Bangladesh Open University BOU 1992 Gazipur General [30] Private universities Establishment of private university in Bangladesh initiated after the institution of the Private University Act 1992. As of 2008, 54 such universities are operational in five out of six division of the country. Barisal is the only division of Bangladesh without having any private university. Chittagong division Following are the six private universities located in Chittagong division. All six have main campuses in Chittagong city. One has its urban campus in Kumira, outside the main city. Five are general purpose universities, while one is specialized in technology. University Nick Founded Location Specialization Website 1. Begum Gulchemonara Trust University BGTU 2002 Chittagong General [31] 2. East Delta University EDU 2006 Chittagong General — 3. International Islamic University, Chittagong IIUC 1995 Chittagong General [32] 4. Premier University, Chittagong PU 2002 Chittagong General [33] 5. Southern University, Bangladesh SUB 2001 Chittagong General [34] 6. University of Science & Technology Chittagong USTC 1989 Chittagong Technology [35] Dhaka division School of Business, Independent University, Bangladesh Queens University Campus, Banani,Dhaka Queens University Campus, Banani,Dhaka Foundation Building, East West University Department of English Language and Literature, Darul Ihsan University American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) Banani, Dhaka Following are the 45 private universities located in Dhaka division. All are in Dhaka city, capital of the country and most are in Gulshan Thana, Dhanmondi Thana and Uttara Thana. All but three are general purpose universities. Two specializes in technology, while one specializes in women's studies. University Nick Founded Location Specialization Website 7. Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology AUST 1995 Dhaka Technology [36] 8. American International University-Bangladesh AIUB 1994 Dhaka General [37] 9. Asian University of Bangladesh AUB 1996 Dhaka General [38] 10. Asa University Bangladesh ASAUB 2006 Dhaka General [39] 11. Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology ADUST 2004 Dhaka Technology [40] 12. Bangladesh Islami University BIU — Dhaka General [41] 13. Bangladesh University BU 2001 Dhaka General [42] 14. Bangladesh University of Business and Technology BUBT 2003 Dhaka Technology [43] 15. BRAC University BRACU 2001 Dhaka General [44] 16. Central Women's University CWU 1993 Dhaka Women's Study — 17. City University, Bangladesh CUB 2002 Dhaka General [45] 18. Daffodil International University DIU 2002 Dhaka General [46] 19. Darul Ihsan University DIU 1989 Dhaka General [47] 20. Dhaka International University DIntU 1995 Dhaka General [48] 21. Eastern University, Bangladesh EU 2003 Dhaka General [49] 22. East West University EWU 1996 Dhaka General [50] 23. Gono Bishwabidyalay GB 1996 Dhaka General [51] 24. Green University of Bangladesh GUB 2002 Dhaka General [52] 25. IBAIS University IU 2002 Dhaka General [53] 26. Independent University, Bangladesh IUB 1993 Dhaka General [54] 27. International University of Business Agriculture and Technology IUBAT 1991 Dhaka General [55] 28. Manarat International University MIU 2001 Dhaka General [56] 29. Millennium University MU 2003 Dhaka General — 30. Northern Unihversity, Bangladesh NUB 2002 Dhaka General [57] 31. North South University NSU 1992 Dhaka General [58] 32. People's Unihversity of Bangladesh PUB 1996 Dhaka General [59] 33. Presidency University PU 2003 Dhaka General [60] 34. Prime University PU 2002 Dhaka General [61] 35. Primeasia University PAU 2003 Dhaka General [62] 36. Queens University QU 1996 Dhaka General [63] 37. Royal University of Dhaka RUD 2003 Dhaka General [64] 38. Shanto Mariam University of Creative Technology SMUCT 2003 Dhaka General [65] 39. Southeast University SEU 2002 Dhaka General [66] 40. Stamford University Bangladesh SU 2002 Dhaka General [67] 41. State University of Bangladesh SUB 2002 Dhaka General [68] 42. United International University UIU 2003 Dhaka General [69] 43. University of Asia Pacific (Bangladesh) UAP 1996 Dhaka General [70] 44. University of Development Alternative UODA 2002 Dhaka General [71] 45. University of Information Technology and Sciences UITS 2003 Dhaka General [72] 46. University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh ULAB 2004 Dhaka General [73] 47. University of South Asia, Bangladesh USAB 2003 Dhaka General — 48. Uttara University UU 2003 Dhaka General [74] 49. Victoria University of Bangladesh VUB 2003 Dhaka General [75] 50. World University of Bangladesh WUB 2003 Dhaka General [76] Rajshahi division Following is the only private university located in Rajshahi division. It is a specialized university with its campus in Bogra. University Nick Founded Location Specialization Website 51. Pundra University of Science and Technology PUST 2001 Bogra Technology [77] Sylhet division Following are the three private universities located in Sylhet division. All three has main campuses in Sylhet town. University Nick Founded Location Specialization Website 52. Leading University LU 2002 Sylhet General [78] 53. Metropolitan University MU 2003 Sylhet General [79] 54. Sylhet International University SIU 2001 Sylhet General [80] International universities Five Fundamentals Gate, Islamic University of Technology There are only two international universities in Bangladesh. These universities are neither managed and funded by the government, like public universities, nor established under the Private University Act and managed by a private governing body, like private universities. One is established by Organisation of the Islamic Conference and located in Gazipur, Dhaka division while another is located in Chittagong division and funded by Asian University for Women Support Foundation (AUWSF), a United States based non-profit corporation. University Nick Founded Location Specialization Website 1. Asian University for Women AUW 2008 Chittagong Arts and Humanities, Social Sciences,Natural Sciences and Information and Communications Technology. [81] 2. Islamic University of Technology IUT 1981 Gazipur Engineering and Technology [82] Notes and references Overall University Grants Commission of Bangladesh bdjournal:online journal of Bangladesh::ISSN 2074-9473 (online) Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information and Statistics Varsity Admission Yellow Page British Educational Information List of medical colleges in Bangladesh In Bangladesh, medical education at the graduate level is provided by Medical Colleges. The colleges are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Health, and are affiliated with a university on the respective region. Until the early 1990s, all the medical colleges were established by the government. Since then, several private medical colleges have been set up. Government medical colleges Armed Forces Medical College (Under Ministry of Defense) Sher e Bangla Medical College Chittagong Medical College Comilla Medical College Cox’s Bazar Medical College Dhaka Medical College Dinajpur Medical College Faridpur Medical College Jessore Medical College Khulna Medical College MAG Osmani Medical College Mymensingh Medical College Noakhali Medical College Pabna Medical College Rajshahi Medical College Rangpur Medical College Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Sir Salimullah Medical College Private medical colleges Ad-din Womens Medical College, Dhaka Anwar Khan Modern Medical College, Dhaka Bangladesh Medical College BGC Trust Medical College, Chittagong Central Medical College, Comilla Chottagram Ma-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Community Based Medical College (cbmc), Mymensingh Community Medical College, Dhaka Delta Medical College, Dhaka Dhaka National Medical College Durra Samad Rahman Red Crescent Women’s Medical College, Sylhet (currently not operating) Eastern Medical College, Comilla East West Medical College, Dhaka Enam Medical College, Dhaka Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka Green Life Medical College,Dhaka Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College, Dhaka Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka IBN Sina Medical College, Dhaka International Medical College, Gazipur Islami Bank Medical College, Rajshahi Jahurul Islam Medical College Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical College Khawja Yunus Ali Medical College, Sirajganj Kumudini Medical College, Tangail Maulana Bhasani Medical College Medical College for Women and Hospital, Dhaka Nightingale Medical College, Dhaka North Bengal Medical College, Sirajganj North East Medical College, Sylhet Northern International Medical College, Dhaka Northern Private Medical College, Rangpur Popular Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka Prime Medical College, Rangpur Rangpur Community Hospital Medical College Sahabuddin Medical College and Hospital Samaj Vittik Medical College, Mirzanagar, Savar, dhaka-1344 Shahabuddin Medical College, Dhaka Sikder Women’s Medical College Southern Medical College, Chittagong Tairunnessa Medical College, Gazipur TMSS Medical College, Bogra University Of Science and Technology Chittagong.IAMS Uttara Adhunik Medical College, Dhaka Women's Medical College, Sylhet Cadet Colleges in Bangladesh Cadet Colleges are special institutions which aim to produce students capable of leading the country and also act as skilled Army Officers. These institutions were primarily constructed in accordance with the Public Schools of England. Contents 1 History of cadet colleges 2 List of cadet colleges in Bangladesh 3 Cadet College Governing Bodies 3.1 History 4 Ex-Cadets' Organizations 5 See also 6 External links History of cadet colleges The system of cadet college was first introduced in Germany in the era of Bismark. Napoleon Bonaparte introduced this in France. Military and Royal aristocrats would send their children or wards to those cadet colleges for education and a career in the Royal Army. After partition in 1947 the new state of Pakistan, consisting of East and West Pakistan, the system was introduced by the then President of Pakistan Field Marshall Ayub Khan. The first cadet college was built in West Pakistan near Hasan Abdal town of Attock district of Punjab province in the year 1954. Faujdarhat Cadet College in Chittagong District was founded in 1958. List of cadet colleges in Bangladesh There are 12 Cadet Colleges in Bangladesh. Among these, nine for boys and three for girls. Four Cadet Colleges were established before 1971. Other cadet colleges were built after the Liberation War of Bangladesh. No. Name Location Area (acre) Established 01 Faujdarhat Cadet College Chittagong 185 1958 02 Jhenaidah Cadet College Jhenaidah 110 1963 03 Rajshahi Cadet College Sardah, Rajshahi 110 1965 04 Mirzapur Cadet College Mirzapur, Tangail 95 1965 05 Sylhet Cadet College Sylhet 1978 06 Rangpur Cadet College Alamnagar, Rangpur 37 1979 07 Barisal Cadet College Rahmatpur, Barisal 50 1982 08 Pabna Cadet College Pabna 1982 09 Mymensingh Girls Cadet College Mymensingh town, Mymensingh 1983 10 Comilla Cadet College Kotbari, Comilla 57 1983 11 Joypurhat Girls Cadet College Joypurhat 2006 12 Feni Girls Cadet College Feni 2006 Cadet College Governing Bodies Cadet colleges are governed by a central governing body consisting of senior Army officers of the respective country. Adjutant General of Army acts as the chairman of the Body. No. Rank Name From To 01 Major General Aga Mohammad Yahya Khan November 29, 1963 August 5, 1964 02 Major General Fazal Mukim Khan, SPK, SQA August 6, 1964 October 23, 1966 03 Major General Muzaffar Uddin, SPK October 24, 1966 October 15, 1969 04 Major General Khadem Hussain Raja, SQA October 16, 1969 March 25, 1971 05 M. Sadat Hossain August 8, 1972 September 18, 1973 06 Major General Ziaur Rahman, BU, PSC September 19, 1973 November 13, 1975 07 Major General Hossain Mohammad Ershad, NDC, PSC November 14, 1975 February 27, 1979 08 Brigadier Moinul Hossain Chowdhury, BB February 28, 1979 September 23, 1981 09 Lieutenant General Hossain Mohammad Ershad, NDC, PSC September 24, 1981 March 29, 1982 10 Major General Sadiqur Rahman Chowdhury, TQA March 30, 1982 August 11, 1983 11 Major General Safi Ahmed Chowdhury, PSC September 1, 1983 April 1, 1984 12 Major General Abdus Samad, PSC April 2, 1984 April 23, 1984 13 Brigadier, Major General Abu Saleh Mohammad Nasim, BB, PSC April 23, 1984 February 12, 1986 14 Major General M. Anwar Hossain November 1, 1986 January 26, 1987 15 Major General Mohammad Abdul Matin, BP, PSC January 27, 1987 March 7, 1987 16 Major General Abu Saleh Mohammad Nasim, BB, PSC March 8, 1987 May 10, 1989 17 Major General Mohammad Abdul Matin, BP, PSC May 11, 1989 March 5, 1991 18 Major General Mohammad Azizur Rahman, BU, NDC, PSC March 6, 1991 June 9, 1992 19 Brigadier Amin Ahmed Chowdhury, BB, PSC June 10, 1992 February 13, 1995 20 Brigadier A. M. Siraji February 14, 1995 January 31, 1997 21 Major General Mohammad Matiur Rahman, BP February 1, 1997 November 28, 1998 22 Major General Mohammad Masudur Rahman, BP, NWC, PSC January 10, 1999 March 6, 2000 23 Major General Ahsan Nazmul Amin, NDC, PSC March 7, 2000 December 26, 2000 24 Major General Tarique Ahmed Siddique, RCDS, PSC February 5, 2001 November 16, 2001 25 Major General Jalaluddin Ahmed, NDU, PSC November 17, 2001 26 Lieutenant General Sina Ibn Jamali, AWC, PSC History The first cadet college in Bangladesh was established in 1958 over an area of 185 acres (0.75 km2) of land at Faujdarhat in Chittagong District. The college was put under the management and supervision of the army general commanding officer of the 14th division, although the education ministry provided the funds and was in charge of accreditation. Sir William Maurice Brown (a Lieutenant Colonel of the New Zealand army) was the first Principal of the college and served it in that capacity for 7 years. The idea behind the establishment of cadet colleges was to train the country's youth and instill in them high moral, sound mental capacity, breadth of vision, physical stamina, power of leadership and the capacity to run the rapidly expanding government administrative machinery. The cadet colleges were completely different from all existing types of secondary and higher secondary educational establishments, but soon became famous for their performance in terms of the excellent results of their students in public examinations. Such excellence was attributed mainly to rigorous scrutiny in intakes and the good quality of instruction Ex-Cadets' Organizations Cadets passed out from a Cadet College feel deeply for his or her alma mater. From this aspiration, ex-cadets of almost every cadet college have been able to form alumni associations called ex-cadets associations. Some of these are : No. Short name Full name Established Members 01 OFA Old Faujians' Association 02 ORCA Old Rajshahi Cadets' Association 03 JEXCA Jhenaidah Ex-Cadets Association 04 MECA Mirzapur Ex-Cadets' Association 05 ROCA Rangpur Old Cadets' Association 06 ACOC Association of Comilla Old Cadets' 07 AMEC Association of Mymensingh Ex-Cadets' 08 BEXCA Barisal Ex-Cadets' Association 09 APEC Association of Pabna Ex-Cadets' 10 OCAS Old Cadets' Association of Sylhet External links http://www.bexca.net - Official website of BEXCA. http://www.ofa.infoqube.com/wiki - Wiki of OFA http://www.meca.infoqube.com/wiki - Wiki of MECA http://www.rocaccr.org - Official website of ROCA. http://www.acoc.infoqube.com/wiki - Wiki of ACOC http://www.sylhetcadetcollege.org - Official website of OCAS http://www.jexca.org.bd/ - Official website of JEXCA. Qawmi Qawmi (also variously phonetically transliterated as Quawmi, Quomi, Qaumi, Qaumee, Kawmi, or Qawmy) is an adjective describing one of the two major madrasah educational categories in Bangladesh. By definition, all madrasahs not regulated by the Bangladesh Madrasah Education Board are Qawmi. As private charitable organizations, Qawmi madrasahs are supported almost exclusively by donation. The theological curriculum of the Qawmi madrasahs predominantly follow the Islamic Deobandi model. In the past, the degrees they conferred lacked accreditation or official recognition unlike those conferred by official Alia madrasahs (also spelled "Aliya" and "Aliah"), which follow the Calcutta Alia tradition. Starting in 2006, two years after the founding of the privately run Befaqul Mudarressin education board for Qawmi madrasahs, the Bangladeshi government began to recognize some Qawmi degrees. As of 2006, there were approximately 15,000 registered Qawmi madrasahs in Bangladesh, with 200,000 (2 lakh) teachers educating 4,000,000 (40 lakh) students. Actual figures are unknown and Qawmi madrasas do not keep enrollment records. Moreover, it has been argued that if unregistered Qawmi madrasahs were counted then it could put the total number of Bangladeshi madrasahs as high as 64,000—suggesting that Qawmi madrasahs outnumber their official Alia counterparts (of which 25,201 existed in 2004). Contents 1 History 2 Qawmi education systems 3 Befaqul Mudarressin of Bangladesh Qawmi Madrasah Education Board 3.1 Statistics 4 Notable Qawmi schools 5 See also 6 Footnotes 7 References 8 External links History Qawmi educational practices originate from the traditional Muslim educational system of Bangladesh. During the British colonial period, these types of madrasahs were called "Khariji," or outside of government. Later, the term "Qawmi" emerged from the word "qom" (meaning "the public")—stemming from the fact that Qawmi madrasahs reject state funding and instead rely on donations from the public. After 1971, some Qawmi madrasahs began to modernize their teaching, such as by switching the language of instruction from Urdu to Bangla and adding some English language and mathematics lessons. In 1978, a government body called the "Non-government Education Board" was established in an attempt to co-ordinate these madrasahs, of which 2,043 registered with that board by 1998. The later part of the 20th century saw a major largely unregulated growth in the whole madrasah sector, which expanded from roughly 4,100 schools in 1986 to potentially as many as 64,000 schools by 2005. The Befaqul Mudarressin of Bangladesh Qawmi Madrasah Education Board was formed in 2004. Soon afterwards, in 2006, the Bangladeshi government began recognizing and supporting the Qawmi system. By this time, approximately 15,000 madrasahs had registered with the Befaqul Mudarressin. Qawmi education systems There are two major Qawmi educational systems: those that use the old Dars-i-Nizami curriculum and those that have a modified Nizami curriculum (such as by including English language and mathematics lessons). The Dars-i-Nizami system originated from early eighteenth century India. There is some controversy regarding movements to "reform" the system, with some calling the move "an 'anti-Islamic' conspiracy, alleging that these are a means to secularise madrasas and rob them of their Islamic identity"—though reformers generally contest that they do not want secularization and that they are not a conspiracy. In general, Qawmi primary education lasts six years, though it does not differentiate students by progressive grade levels. While the Qawmi primary level covers all subjects found in other madrasah systems, there is no specific time-sequence or order by which subjects are taught as would be expected in grade-based systems. Thus, imposing class-graduated terminology on the Qawmi system may not be meaningful. Befaqul Mudarressin of Bangladesh Qawmi Madrasah Education Board In 2004, many Qawmi madrasahs began organizing together under an umbrella organization called the Befaqul Mudarressin (also transliterated as Wafaq ul Madaris) of Bangladesh Qawmi Madrasah Education Board, based in Dhaka, including seven smaller private Madrasah education boards. It is an extension of the process that formed the Wafaq ul Madaris Al-Arabia, Pakistan in 1957. The board was founded to assure a standardized curriculum and to provide centralized examination. Membership with the board is voluntary, though required for degree accreditation by the Befaqul Mudarressin. It is organized under a three-tiered representative system led an executive body. The second tier committee comprises senior madrasahs, followed a third tier of ordinary member schools. Statistics As of 2008, the board oversees almost 9000 madrasahs at the following levels: Madrasahs under the Qawmi education board by level Level Analogue/description # of Schools* Takhmil Master's 300 Fazilat Bachelor's 200 Sanaria ammah Secondary 1000 Mutawassitah lower secondary 2000 Ibtedayi primary 3000 Tahfeez ul Quran memorisation of the Qur'an 2000 *Madrasahs are listed by highest level taught since some offer more than one level. Notable Qawmi schools The following are some Qawmi madrasahs: Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam — also known as "Boro (big) Madrasah" Jamia Tawakkulia Renga Madrasah in Sylhet Darul Uloom in Lalkhan Bazar at Chittagong Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiah Patiya Al-Jamiatul Arabiatul Islamiah, Ziri